Incidence of deformities in screw-tailed dogs

One hundred and twenty four dogs 124 were evaluated, of those, 68 dogs (34 females and 34 males) aged from 3 weeks to 15 years were classified as screw-tailed dogs and 56 dogs (30 females and 26 males) aged from 3 weeks to 15 years were classified as normal-tailed dogs.

The greatest risk of pectus excavatum was seen in Maltese (60%) and English Bulldog (58%), while for pectus carinatum: Pug (41%) and French Bulldog (18%). Dogs of screw-tailed brachycephalic breeds carry a greater risk of kyphosis and tracheal hypoplasia, compared to "normal-tailed" breeds.

The study also showed that brachycephalic breeds have a greater risk of co-incidence between kyphosis of the thoracic spine and lateral heart displacement, as well as kyphosis of the thoracic spine and tracheal hypoplasia.

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Prevalence of pectus excavatum (PE), pectus carinatum (PC), tracheal hypoplasia, thoracic spine deformities and lateral heart displacement in thoracic radiographs of screw-tailed brachycephalic dogs.